Correcting forensic DNA errors

DNA mixture interpretation can produce opposing conclusions by qualified forensic analysts, even within the same laboratory. The long-delayed publication of the National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) study of 109 North American crime laboratories in this journal demonstrates this most clearly. This latest study supports earlier work that shows common methods such as the Combined Probability of Inclusion (CPI) have wrongly included innocent people as contributors to DNA mixtures. The 2016 President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology report concluded, “In summary, the interpretation of complex DNA mixtures with the CPI statistic has been an inadequately specified—and thus inappropriately subjective—method. As such, the method is clearly not foundationally valid” [7]. The adoption of probabilistic genotyping by many laboratories will certainly prevent some of these errors from occurring in the future, but the same laboratories that produced past errors can also now review old cases with their new software—without additional bench work. It is critical that laboratories adopt procedures and policies to do this.     

痛记忆模型大鼠ACC脑区蛋白质组学研究及电针干预

目的:采用蛋白质组学方法筛选痛记忆模型大鼠ACC脑区差异蛋白,并进一步筛选与电针干预痛记忆可能相关的差异蛋白,为电针干预痛记忆的深入研究提供理论支持。方法:将18只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组(生理盐水对照组)、模型组和电针组,每组6只。模型组及电针组大鼠通过二次角叉菜胶足跖注射建立痛记忆模型。对照组注射同等剂量的生理盐水。电针组于首次注射后5 h、1～5 d进行电针治疗。模型组与空白组仅作与电针组相同的束缚处理。分别检测3组大鼠造模前,首次注射后4 h、5 d和二次注射后4 h、72 h的机械痛阈。二次注射后第3天,大鼠处死后取ACC脑组织。以双向凝胶电泳分离,双向电泳后经不同波长光激发扫描得到不同样品的蛋白质组图谱,经Image Master2D 6. 0软件进行分析后,筛选相差在1. 5倍以上的蛋白作为差异表达的蛋白质,并进行质谱鉴定。结果:1)与空白组比较,模型组二次未注射角叉菜胶足跖痛阈显著下降(P 0. 05);与模型组比较,电针组二次未注射角叉菜胶足跖痛阈显著上升(P 0. 05)。2)经蛋白质组学分析共筛选出18个差异蛋白质。其中模型组有明显差异者有11个,4个表达呈现下调,分别为微管蛋白α-1A链、DAB2相互作用蛋白、NADH脱氢酶的辅酶黄素蛋白2、转凝蛋白-3; 7个表达呈现上调,分别为微管蛋白β-3链、肌动蛋白1、磷酸甘油酸激酶1、类固醇激素合成急性蛋白、肌动蛋白2、细胞色素c氧化酶6A1亚基、泛素40S核糖体蛋白S27a。与空白组比较,电针组有明显差异者有15个,3个表达呈现下调,分别为微管蛋白α-1C链、Rho GDP解离抑制因子、NADH脱氢酶的辅酶黄素蛋白2; 12个表达呈现上调,分别为微管蛋白β-2A链、微管蛋白β-3链、肌动蛋白1、乌头酸水合酶、丙酮酸激酶同工酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、磷酸甘油酸激酶1、Ras相关Rab-19蛋白、类固醇激素合成急性蛋白、肌动蛋白2、细胞色素c氧化酶6A1亚基、泛素40S核糖体蛋白S27a。电针组与模型组比较后呈现明显差异的有8个差异蛋白,2个呈现下调,分别是Rho GDP解离抑制因子、肌动蛋白2。6个呈现上调,分别是微管蛋白α-1A链、微管蛋白β-2A链、DAB2相互作用蛋白、乌头酸水合酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、Ras相关Rab-19蛋白。结论:经蛋白质组学分析发现,有11个差异蛋白参与痛记忆的唤醒过程;有8个差异蛋白参与电针干预痛记忆的过程。提示电针对痛记忆的干预可能与稳定神经细胞骨架蛋白,进而抑制神经突触可塑性改变有关。     

Five-year Long-term Outcomes of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Operable Versus Medically Inoperable Stage I Non–small-cell Lung Cancer: Analysis by Operability,Fractionation Regimen,Tumor Size,and Tumor Location

Background

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is standard for medically inoperable stage I non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is emerging as a surgical alternative in operable patients. However, limited long-term outcomes data exist, particularly according to operability. We hypothesized long-term local control (LC) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) would not differ by fractionation schedule, tumor size or location, or operability status, but overall survival (OS) would be higher for operable patients.

吴茱萸化学成分和药理作用及质量标志物(Q-marker)的预测分析

吴茱萸是我国常用的大宗中药材,资源丰富且分布较广,具有广阔的开发利用前景。吴茱萸中化学成分类型丰富,包括生物碱、苦味素、挥发油、黄酮等类成分,传统认为生物碱和苦味素为其主要药效成分。对其化学成分、药理作用综述的基础上,根据中药质量标志物(Q-marker)理论,从生源途径、化学成分与传统功效、传统药性、新的临床用途、毒性、可测成分、入血成分及不同配伍环境几方面对吴茱萸Q-marker成分进行预测分析,为明确吴茱萸Q-marker和制定科学的质量标准提供基础。     

热咳散治疗痰热内蕴型哮喘患儿的临床研究

目的:探讨痰热内蕴型哮喘婴幼儿西医常规治疗基础上使用自拟热咳散治疗的临床疗效，为其临床应用提供理论依据。方法:选取2017年3月至2018年9月中山市中医院收治的痰热内蕴型哮喘婴幼儿112例作为研究对象，根据治疗方式的不同分为对照组与观察组，每组56例。对照组采用常规治疗，观察组在对照组基础上加用自配热咳散，比较2组患儿肺功能指标（FEF25%、FEF50%、IgE）；血清生化指标（IL-6、TNF-α、CRP、Cal-3）和C-ACT和MARS-A评分的差异。结果:对照组FEF25%、FEF50%显著低于观察组，对照组IgE含量显著高于观察组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患儿治疗有效率和治疗效果构成差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后观察组IL-6、TNF-α、CRP、Cal-3含量低于对照组，观察组C-ACT评分、MARS-A评分高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:相比于西医常规治疗的治疗手段，在其基础上连用自拟热咳散的治疗效果更佳，患者症状改善时间也相对较短。     

桃红四物汤化学成分、药理作用、临床应用的研究进展及质量标志物的预测分析

桃红四物汤,活血祛瘀之经典名方。该文对近年来桃红四物汤的化学成分、药理作用以及临床应用研究进展进行总结与分析。目前,桃红四物汤不同提取部位化学成分的研究较为系统,其药理作用研究主要集中在活血化瘀、调经镇痛、促进骨折愈合等方面,临床可应用于多系统、多脏腑疾病的治疗,例如妇科疾病、内科疾病、骨伤科疾病、皮肤科疾病等。在此基础上,依照质量标志物(Q-marker)有效、特有、传递与溯源、可测和处方配伍的"五原则"对桃红四物汤Q-marker进行预测分析,提示阿魏酸、芍药苷、苦杏仁苷、芍药内酯苷、梓醇、没食子酸、羟基红花黄色素A可作为该复方的Q-marker,后续可选择这些Q-marker为指标,根据药材、饮片、中间体、对应实物的量值传递进行桃红四物汤全程质量控制并创建其质量可溯源体系。     

中药配方颗粒品种统一标准的有关问题探讨

通过参考《中国药典》2015年版和相关文献,结合国家药典委员会2016年发布的《中药配方颗粒质量控制与标准制定技术要求(征求意见稿)》,综合考虑中药配方颗粒的实际生产情况,对《关于中药配方颗粒品种试点统一标准的公示》中质量标准特异性、定量检测指标的选择和指标性成分转移率等方面进行讨论,根据讨论结果为中药配方颗粒质量标准的完善和提高提出了相关建议,为推进配方颗粒产业健康发展提供参考。     

蒙医温针治疗赫依偏盛型失眠症的随机对照试验

目的评价蒙医温针治疗赫依偏盛型失眠症的近期疗效及安全性。方法将80例赫依偏盛型失眠症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例。治疗组给予蒙医温针治疗,对照组采用Streitberger针进行安慰剂针刺。观察2组治疗前后失眠严重程度指数(ISI)量表评分及睡眠脑电图的变化情况。结果治疗组治疗前后ISI评分有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后睡眠总时间延长、睡眠潜伏期缩短、睡眠效率相应提高,且睡眠结构有所变化,即N1期睡眠比例减少,REM睡眠比例增多(均P<0.05)。组间比较,除N2期睡眠及N3+N4期睡眠时间无差异,其余睡眠参数差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论蒙医温针可改善赫依偏盛型失眠患者的睡眠质量,调节失眠症患者睡眠结构及睡眠进程,且安全性高。     

Quantification and validation of nine nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in equine urine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for doping control

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in therapeutic doses in human and veterinary medicine for the treatment of inflammation, pain, and fever. A method for the simultaneous determination of nine NSAIDs, known as therapeutic prohibited substances, in equine urine was developed and fully validated according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and Association of Official Racing Chemists criteria. The validation was performed for naproxen, flunixin, ketoprofen, diclofenac, eltenac, meclofenamic acid, phenylbutazone, vedaprofen, and carprofen in equine urine in accordance with the International Screening Limits (ISL) regulated by International Federation of Horseracing Authorities. After basic hydrolysis, samples were extracted with a C18 cartridge using automated solid‐phase extraction. Several derivatization reagents were investigated, and trimethylphenylammonium hydroxide/methanol (20/80, v/v) was selected. Analyses were carried out using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring mode, but the method can be applied to a large number of analytes. The within‐laboratory reproducibility was not more than 12.8% (≤15%), and mean relative recoveries ranged from 91.1% to 104.1% for inter‐day and intra‐day precision. The decision limits (CCα) and detection capabilities (CCβ) were evaluated at concentrations near the ISL for each therapeutic substance. The validation results demonstrated that the method is highly reproducible, easily applicable, and suitable for the analysis of some NSAIDs in equine urine that have not been previously published. Finally, the method was also applied to known positive samples.